Which legislation established the foundation for workplace safety and health regulations in the U.S.?

The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970 is the foundational legislation for workplace safety and health regulations in the United States. This Act was created to ensure that employers provide a safe and healthy work environment for their employees. It established the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which is responsible for setting and enforcing safety standards, as well as providing training, outreach, education, and assistance to workers and employers.

Under OSHA, regulations were put in place to address a wide range of workplace hazards, thus laying the groundwork for a comprehensive approach to occupational health and safety. This legislation reflects the government's commitment to reduce workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities through standards and regulations that employers must adhere to, ensuring the safety and health of all workers.

In contrast, the other options provided pertain to different aspects of labor relations and worker rights, rather than specifically establishing safety and health regulations in the workplace. The Fair Labor Standards Act focuses on minimum wage and overtime pay, the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act deals with layoff and mass layoffs notice requirements, and the National Labor Relations Act primarily addresses the rights of employees in unionizing and collective bargaining.